pH Calculation of a Solution

The pH of a solution is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of the solution, which is derived from the concentration of hydronium ions ([H₃O⁺]). The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, where pH 7 is considered neutral, values less than 7 are acidic, and values greater than 7 are basic (alkaline). To calculate pH, you take the negative logarithm (base 10) of the concentration of hydronium ions in the solution. Knowing the pH is crucial for many scientific and industrial processes, such as determining the correct conditions for chemical reactions, managing agricultural soil composition, and ensuring proper conditions for biological systems.