Magnification Formula for Lenses

The magnification formula for lenses is used to determine the ratio of the height of the image (h_i) to the height of the object (h_o). It is defined by the negative ratio of the image distance (d_i) to the object distance (d_o). The negative sign indicates that if the image distance and object distance are both positive, which means that both the object and the image are on the same side of the lens, the image will be inverted.

Mathematically, M is the magnification factor, d_i is the distance from the image to the lens, and d_o is the distance from the object to the lens. Magnification can also be found using the height of the image and the object by the formula M = h_i / h_o.

In practical applications, this formula helps in designing and selecting lenses for various optical devices like cameras, microscopes, and telescopes to achieve the desired magnification.