Combinations

The number of combinations or binomial coefficients is the number of ways of picking k unordered outcomes from n possibilities, also known as the number of k-combinations or combinations without repetition. It is represented as C(n, k), where n is the total number of items, and k is the number of items to be chosen. This formula is part of the combinatorial mathematics and has practical applications in probability theory, statistics, and many other areas of mathematics and science.

To calculate this in JavaScript efficiently, the function uses a for loop to iteratively multiply and divide, circumventing the need to calculate factorials directly which could lead to integer overflow for large numbers. This method also reduces the computations required compared to a direct factorial computation.